Hand of Justice is a pro-Iran, pro-Palestine hacktivist group that first emerged during an escalation of cyber conflict in June 2025 and was noted for ramping up operations by March 2026. The group is primarily motivated by ideological opposition, conducting cyberattacks as retaliation in the Israel–Iran conflict. They distinguish themselves by focusing on distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and website disruptions against Israeli entities, including factories and infrastructure, and issuing public warnings that threaten 'painful consequences' for any cooperation with Israeli companies or the 'criminal regime'. They are described as one of several reactivated Iranian hacking groups engaging in unsophisticated tactics, broad claims, and amplifying retaliatory messaging.